Laminate Flooring

The long-term goal of this project has been to help strengthen the customer focus at the product development department of Pergo. To achieve this a Kansei Engineering case study was performed, to provide information about the chosen customer group, the contract market. Kansei Engineering is a Japanese methodology for gathering and analysing information about the relation between the customer’s impression of a product and the actual physical properties of that same product. The results show clear differences between the flooring entrepreneurs and the architects in their average ratings. The factor analysis led to four factors that are important when this group of customers evaluates laminate flooring, namely Reliable and practical, Modern design, Classic style and Nice and solid. The regression analysis was done both on the 17 Kansei-words and on the factors. The type of decor and surface were found to have most influence on the customer’s impressions. Among the surfaces matt oiled turned out to be most popular and for most of the Kansei-words, the unexpected combination of wood- like decor and tile-format was rated the most positive.

Lumber Liquidators (LL) Chinese‐manufactured laminate flooring (CLF) has been installed in >400,000 U.S. homes over the last decade. To characterize potential associated formaldehyde exposures and cancer risks, chamber emissions data were collected from 399 new LL CLF, and from LL CLF installed in 899 homes in which measured aggregate indoor formaldehyde concentrations exceeded 100 μg/m3 from a total of 17,867 homes screened. Data from both sources were combined to characterize LL CLF flooring‐associated formaldehyde emissions from new boards and installed boards. New flooring had an average (±SD) emission rate of 61.3 ± 52.1 μg/m2‐hour; >one‐year installed boards had ∼threefold lower emission rates. Estimated emission rates for the 899 homes and corresponding data from questionnaires were used as inputs to a single‐compartment, steady‐state mass‐balance model to estimate corresponding residence‐specific TWA formaldehyde concentrations and potential resident exposures. Only ∼0.7% of those homes had estimated acute formaldehyde concentrations >100 μg/m3 immediately after LL CLF installation. The TWA daily formaldehyde inhalation exposure within the 899 homes was estimated to be 17 μg/day using California Proposition 65 default methods to extrapolate cancer risk (below the regulation “no significant risk level” of 40 μg/day). Using a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency linear cancer risk model, 50th and 95th percentile values of expected lifetime cancer risk for residents of these homes were estimated to be 0.33 and 1.2 per 100,000 exposed, respectively. Based on more recent data and verified nonlinear cancer risk assessment models, LL CLF formaldehyde emissions pose virtually no cancer risk to affected consumers.

In an effort to reduce negative feedback resulting from temperature fluctuations, house floors are commonly laid with laminate flooring. The aim of this study was to study the thermal insulation properties and adhesion strength of the water-based insulation paint mixed with hollow glass spheres and applied onto the laminate flooring. The objective was to determine whether a prepared insulation paint mixture can be used instead of backing paper. For this purpose, two different laminate flooring samples were used. In the first case, the upper surface of the sample was coated with decorative paper and the lining surface was coated with backing paper. The upper surface of the second sample was coated with decorative paper and the lining surface was not coated with backing paper. Then, insulation paint mixture was applied 2, 4, or 6 times to the lining surfaces of both groups, and experimental results were obtained. As the number of layers was increased, the insulation mixture applied to the lining surfaces of the test samples was found to contribute positively to thermal insulation and adhesion resistance of specimens.

Introduced a measure method to crosswise deformation amount of tenon and mortise place in the high-quality laminate flooring products by means of dynamic signal and analysis apparatus.In order to obtain actual deformation amount,when the deformation amounts of tenon and mortise place of floorboards are changed,it mainly gather low frequency signal amounts after the fore-process device on the electricity eddy senses is deciphered,so as to offer references for measuring the deformation amount parameter of other kinds of floorboards.

The laminate flooring company Pergo (Europe) AB has during the last years identified an increasing market demand for customized flooring solutions. In the autumn of 2004 Pergo had no standardized product offer and the existing administrative process was not suited to produce and deliver customized products. Experiments concerning a new decor production technique with extensive potential based on digital printing have also contributed to the need for efficient handling of information flows and decor development processes internally in the company. In the production sites there are limitations in terms of high costs of scraps and set-up times which set demands on the new customized products. In this thesis a proposal is presented that conforms both to existing production facilities as well as to the demands that is set by the market. The product offer is based on existing components from Pergo’s standard assortment. This makes it possible for the customer to get a customized product at the same time as the need for development personnel is minimized in the development process. The impact on the production regarding high costs of scraps and high set-up times will also not be significant since the customized products are partly standardized. The routine that has been used historically in the development of customized products is time ineffective and requires a lot of hands-on work from a large number of persons in the organisation. This process is today functioning outside the existing routines and process flows that is connected to the ERP-system Movex. In this thesis a new internal process is presented which is based on that the development activities connected to customized products also is handled in the ERP-system Movex.

Veneer/HDF composite laminate flooring(VCLF) is a new floor product in collection of advantages of both solid wood and impregnated paper overlaid laminate flooring(IPLF).Four-layer VCLF was made of wear-resisting paper,poplar veneers,12mm-thiek HDF,and balance paper.Influences of different veneer thickness,adhesive types(PU,UF),and resin contents on the flooring properties(including warping,thickness swelling,inner bond strength,and machining performance) were explored.Test results showed that:(1) manufacture of VCLF was technically feasible;(2) warping of the flooring was increased with veneer thickness and/or resin content increasing, its max value was up to about 6%;(3) PU-glued VCLFs showed better performances than UF-bonded products, while it costs longer cold pressing time.Recommended processing conditions were:veneer thickness 1.2mm, PU or UF adhesive at a content spread of about 100g/m~2.

The present invention discloses a bi-layer composite wood floor, the bilayer laminate flooring and wood veneer comprising a substrate, a wood veneer has a thickness of 0.6 ~ 5.0mm; AB by painting the substrate with the cold Caulking bonding said wood veneer, and through the substrate and adhesive is placed wood veneer cold press forming, pressure, and time is 4 ~ 5h, to obtain the bilayer composite wood floor; to the substrate formulation parts by weight of the main raw material is as follows: 20 to 45% MgO, 25 to 60% magnesium, 0.5 to 10% silica, 15% to 30% wood fibers, glass fibers 1-8%. Accordingly, the present invention also discloses a method for preparing a double wooden floor. According to the present invention, in addition to the bilayer laminate flooring environmentally friendly, non-toxic, odorless, tasteless, non-radioactive, without any harm to humans and animals, but also it has a low cost, fire waterproof, insect antibacterial, heat, noise reduction Etc.

Laminated flooring is one of the important wood flooring products in China.The current laminate flooring standards status in China,US,and Europe was presented and differences in these standards were discussed in this paper.The results provide valuable suggestions for updating Chinese wood flooring standard and improve export potential for laminated flooring.

The invention discloses a coating process on impregnated and pressure-adhering laminate flooring. Since three kinds of UV (ultraviolet) coatings are adopted, work efficiency can be improved, space can be saved, emission can be reduced, surface properties of the impregnated and pressure-adhering laminate flooring by adopting the coatings can be more excellent, and the impregnated and pressure-adhering laminated flooring can be prevented from being delaminated after being boiled for three hours at the constant temperature of 70 DEG C and dried for three hours at the constant temperature of 70 DEG C. The three kinds of UV coatings refer to a UV-water-resistant high-adhesion base coating, a UV-toughness sanding base coating and a UV-flexible curtaining soft-light finishing coating. The coating process includes impregnating and pressure-adhering reinforcing base materials on laminate flooring to obtain a base material layer; coating the UV-water-resistant high-adhesion base coating, the UV-toughness sanding base coating and the UV-flexible curtaining soft-light finishing coating on the base material layer in sequence. By modifying coating formulas, the laminate flooring coated with modified coatings has good flexibility, fullness, adhesive force and comprehensive water resistance, and has special effects of moisture, soft light and glossiness. Besides, the glossiness of a coating film is above 75 degrees.

In this paper, the author analyzed the current status and main quality problems of laminate flooring in China, such as the steam resistance, formaldehyde emission, modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond (IB) and abrasion resistance of the flooring. She also pointed out the influence of high density fiberboard (HDF) substrate on the quality of the flooring from the factors of density, moisture content, surface smoothness, IB, thickness swelling (TS) and MOR of HDF substrate.